D Pharma Kya Hota Hai
D.Pharm, or Diploma in Pharmacy, is a 2-year diploma program that lays the groundwork in pharmaceutical sciences. It encompasses essential topics like pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry, drug formulation, and clinical pharmacy. Designed to equip students for careers in the pharmacy sector, the course enables graduates to work as pharmacists in hospitals, retail pharmacies, and the pharmaceutical industry. D Pharma Kya Hota Hai? It is a program that imparts the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in the pharmacy profession. Upon completion, students can register as licensed pharmacists, qualifying them for diverse roles in healthcare settings. Additionally, the course serves as a stepping stone for advanced studies, such as a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm).
Some of the most opted courses in India and St. Andrews college or different Engineering college or Management colleges are as follows:-
- Btech
- MTech
- Btech CSE
- BCA
- Btech ETCE
- BBA
- MBA
- MCA
- DPharma – St. Andrews College of Pharmacy
- BPharma – St. Andrews College of Pharmacy
- BArch – St. Andrews College of Architecture
DPharma Course Overview

The D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy) is a 2-year program that offers foundational education in pharmaceutical sciences. The curriculum includes subjects like pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacognosy, and pharmacy practice, providing students with the skills needed to dispense medications and understand drug interactions.
The course also integrates a practical internship of 500 hours, providing hands-on experience in real-world pharmacy environments. D Pharma Kya Hota Hai? It is a foundational diploma in pharmacy that equips students with the skills to excel in the healthcare sector. Graduates can explore careers as pharmacists in hospitals, retail pharmacies, and the pharmaceutical industry, or advance their education with higher degrees like B.Pharm. This program serves as a gateway to diverse roles in the healthcare industry.
DPharma Course Duration

D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy) is a 2-year diploma course designed to provide foundational knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. The course is divided into two academic years, covering subjects like Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmaceutics.
After completing two years of academic study, students are required to undergo a mandatory 500-hour (approximately 3 months) internship in settings such as hospitals, retail pharmacies, or pharmaceutical companies. D Pharma Kya Hota Hai? It is a diploma course that combines theoretical knowledge with practical training to prepare students for the pharmaceutical field. This internship provides hands-on experience, enhancing the skills learned during the course. The D.Pharm program duration, including the internship, ensures that students are fully equipped for entry-level roles in the pharmaceutical industry.

The D.Pharm course is crucial for building a solid foundation in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It equips students with essential knowledge in drug formulation, pharmacology, and patient care, preparing them for various roles in the pharmaceutical industry. The course includes practical training through internships, ensuring hands-on experience. D.Pharm graduates are qualified to work as pharmacists, medical representatives, and in hospital or retail settings. This diploma is vital for entry-level positions and serves as a stepping stone for further studies or specialization in pharmacy. It plays a key role in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications in healthcare.
Admission Process for DPharma

Here is the overview of the DPharma admission process:
Eligibility
Complete 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics.
Entrance Exam
Some colleges conduct entrance exams; others offer direct admission based on merit.
Application
Apply online/offline through college or university websites.
Counseling/Interview
Participate in counseling or interview rounds if required.
Document Verification
Submit necessary documents for verification.
Fee Payment
Pay the admission fee to secure your seat.
Eligibility Criteria for DPharma

The eligibility criteria for a D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy) course typically include the following:
Educational Qualification
Candidates must have completed 10+2 (or equivalent) from a recognized board, with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology or Mathematics as compulsory subjects.
Minimum Marks
A minimum aggregate score of 50% in the qualifying examination (may vary by institution) is generally required. Some reserved categories may have relaxation in the minimum marks.
Age Limit
The candidate should be at least 17 years old at the time of admission.
Entrance Exam
Some institutions may require candidates to clear an entrance exam, while others offer admission based on merit.
DPharma Entrance Exam

Here is the overview of the DPharma entrance exam:
State-Level Exams
Various states conduct their own entrance exams for admission into D.Pharm programs. Examples include exams conducted by state technical universities or educational boards.
Institutional Exams
Some colleges and universities conduct their own entrance exams for D.Pharm admissions. These tests assess candidatesтАЩ knowledge in subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics.
Merit-Based Admissions
Many institutions offer admission based on the marks obtained in 10+2 examinations rather than a specific entrance exam.
National-Level Exams
While less common, a few national-level exams may be considered for D.Pharm admissions, depending on the institutionтАЩs policies.
DPharma Fee Structure

The fee structure for a D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy) course varies based on the type of institution and its location:
Government Colleges
The annual fees range from тВ╣10,000 to тВ╣50,000. Government institutions typically offer lower fees and provide good quality education.
Private Colleges
The fees in private institutions range from тВ╣50,000 to тВ╣1,50,000 per year, with some prestigious colleges charging even higher.
Additional Costs
Apart from tuition fees, there may be additional charges for library access, laboratory usage, examination fees, and other administrative costs.
Scholarships and Financial Aid
Some institutions and government schemes offer scholarships to eligible students, which can help reduce the financial burden.
D Pharma Syllabus

HereтАЩs a general overview of the syllabus:
First Year
- Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Structure and function of human organs
- Basic physiological processes
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry тАУ I
- Introduction to organic chemistry
- Basic chemical principles and reactions
- Pharmacognosy
- Study of medicinal plants and natural drugs
- Methods of drug extraction and analysis
- Pharmaceutics тАУ I
- Basics of drug formulation and dosage forms
- Preparation of different pharmaceutical forms
- Biochemistry
- Chemical processes within living organisms
- Basic biochemical principles and metabolism
- Drug Store and Business Management
- Principles of drug store management
- Basics of inventory management and business practices
Second Year
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry тАУ II
- Advanced topics in organic and inorganic chemistry
- Drug interactions and formulations
- Pharmacology
- Study of drug actions and effects
- Therapeutic uses and side effects
- Pharmaceutics тАУ II
- Advanced drug formulation techniques
- Quality control and stability testing
- Pharmacy Practice
- Clinical pharmacy
- Patient counseling and drug interactions
- Social and Preventive Pharmacy
- Public health issues and preventive measures
- Role of pharmacy in health promotion
- Project Work/Internship
- Practical training in a pharmacy setting
- Application of theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios
DPharma Scope

The scope of D.Pharm is extensive and steadily expanding, driven by the rising demand for healthcare services and medications. Graduates have opportunities to work as pharmacists in hospitals, community pharmacies, and healthcare centers, playing key roles in dispensing medications, advising patients, and managing drug inventory. D Pharma Kya Hota Hai? It is a diploma program designed to prepare students with the essential knowledge and skills to excel in these critical pharmaceutical roles.
The pharmaceutical industry offers roles in production, quality control, regulatory affairs, and research and development, making D.Pharm graduates valuable in drug manufacturing and testing processes. Opportunities also exist in medical sales, where professionals educate healthcare providers about new drugs.
Additionally, D.Pharm serves as a stepping stone for higher studies like B.Pharm, M.Pharm, and PharmD, enhancing career prospects in clinical practice, academia, and specialized fields. The course provides a solid foundation for those aiming to contribAdditionally, D.Pharm acts as a gateway for higher education opportunities such as B.Pharm, M.Pharm, and PharmD, opening doors to advanced careers in clinical practice, academia, and specialized fields. D Pharma Kya Hota Hai? It is a diploma program that builds a strong foundation in pharmaceutical sciences, equipping students with the skills needed to excel in the healthcare sector. This course prepares graduates to ensure medication safety and promote patient well-being, contributing meaningfully to the field.ute to the healthcare sector, ensuring medication safety and patient well-being.
Top DPharma Specializations

Here is the overview of the DPharma specializations:
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Focuses on drug design, synthesis, and chemical properties.
Pharmacology
Studies drug effects, mechanisms, and therapeutic uses.
Pharmacognosy
Involves the study of medicines derived from natural sources.
Pharmaceutics
Deals with the formulation and manufacturing of drugs.
Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
Focuses on patient care and medication management in clinical settings.
Quality Assurance
Ensures the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.
Industrial Pharmacy
Covers large-scale drug manufacturing and quality control.
Top Government DPharma Colleges in India

HereтАЩs a list of top government colleges for D.Pharm:
Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi
Overview: A leading government institution in Delhi known for its comprehensive pharmacy programs.
Key Highlights: Renowned faculty, excellent infrastructure, and strong industry connections.
Government College of Pharmacy, Bangalore
Overview: Offers a robust D.Pharm program with a focus on practical training.
Key Highlights: Well-equipped laboratories and experienced faculty.
Government Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad
Overview: Known for its quality education and research facilities.
Key Highlights: Strong emphasis on industry-relevant skills and placements.
Government College of Pharmacy, Ratlam
Overview: Provides a solid foundation in pharmaceutical sciences with a focus on practical skills.
Key Highlights: Experienced faculty and modern facilities.
St. Andrews College of Pharmacy (SACP), Gurgaon
Overview: A prominent private institution offering a strong D.Pharm program.
Key Highlights: Good infrastructure, practical exposure, and strong industry connections.
Top Private DPharma Colleges in India

HereтАЩs a list of top private D.Pharm colleges in India:
St. Andrews College of Pharmacy (SACP), Gurgaon
Overview: A well-regarded private institution offering a comprehensive D.Pharm program with a focus on practical training.
Key Highlights: Modern infrastructure, experienced faculty, and strong industry links.
Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
Overview: Known for its quality education and research in pharmaceutical sciences.
Key Highlights: Advanced labs, renowned faculty, and excellent industry connections.
Bharti Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Pune
Overview: Offers a robust D.Pharm program with a focus on practical and theoretical knowledge.
Key Highlights: Good placement opportunities and modern facilities.
Nirma University, Ahmedabad
Overview: Provides a strong D.Pharm education with an emphasis on research and practical experience.
Key Highlights: Excellent infrastructure and industry collaboration.
Shivaji University, Kolhapur
Overview: Offers quality education in pharmaceutical sciences with modern facilities.
Key Highlights: Experienced faculty and good placement record.
D.Pharm vs. B.Pharm

Course Duration
- D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy): A 2-year diploma course followed by a mandatory 500-hour internship. It provides foundational knowledge and practical skills in pharmacy.
- B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy): A 4-year undergraduate degree that covers in-depth pharmaceutical sciences, drug design, and clinical applications.
Eligibility
- D.Pharm: Requires completion of 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics.
- B.Pharm: Requires 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics, often with a higher percentage and sometimes an entrance exam.
Curriculum Focus
- D.Pharm: Focuses on basic pharmaceutical knowledge, drug dispensing, and pharmacy practice.
- B.Pharm: Offers a comprehensive study of drug development, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and biotechnology.
Career Opportunities
- D.Pharm: Graduates can work as pharmacists in retail or hospital settings, medical representatives, or in pharmaceutical production.
- B.Pharm: Provides broader career options, including roles in research, clinical trials, drug regulation, pharmaceutical marketing, and higher administrative positions.
Further Studies
- D.Pharm: Can lead to higher studies like B.Pharm for further academic and professional growth.
- B.Pharm: Graduates can pursue advanced degrees such as M.Pharm, Pharm.D, or MBA for specialization and leadership roles.
Job Scope and Salary
- D.Pharm: Offers quick entry into the job market with moderate initial salaries, typically ranging from тВ╣15,000 to тВ╣25,000 per month.
- B.Pharm: Offers better pay scales and opportunities for career advancement, with initial salaries ranging from тВ╣25,000 to тВ╣50,000 per month, depending on the role and location.
Benefits of Pursuing DPharma

Here is the overview of the benefits of DPharma
Gateway to a Pharmacy Career
- Provides a strong foundation for roles like Pharmacist, Medical Representative, and Pharmacy Technician.
High Demand
- Continuous demand for skilled pharmacists in hospitals, retail, and pharmaceutical companies.
Quick Entry into the Workforce
- A 2-year course that allows students to start their careers early.
Diverse Job Opportunities
- Work in hospitals, community pharmacies, pharmaceutical sales, quality control, and research.
Opportunity for Higher Studies
- Opens pathways to pursue advanced courses like B.Pharm, M.Pharm, and Pharm.D.
Required Skillset for DPharma

Pharmacological Knowledge
- Understanding of drug properties, interactions, and effects.
Technical Skills
- Proficiency in drug formulation, compounding, and pharmaceutical technology.
Attention to Detail
- Accuracy in dispensing medications and handling prescriptions.
Communication Skills
- Effective interaction with patients, healthcare professionals, and colleagues.
Analytical Skills
- Ability to assess and interpret data related to drug use and patient health.
Problem-Solving
- Capability to address issues related to medication and patient care.
Ethical Practices
- Adherence to legal and ethical standards in pharmacy practice.
Organizational Skills
- Efficient management of inventory, records, and pharmacy operations.
Higher Studies After DPharma

After completing D.Pharm, students can pursue various higher studies to advance their careers in pharmacy and related fields:
B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy): A 4-year undergraduate degree providing deeper knowledge in pharmacy and opening up opportunities for more advanced roles.
M.Pharm (Master of Pharmacy): A 2-year postgraduate degree specializing in various fields such as Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Pharmacy.
PharmD (Doctor of Pharmacy): A 6-year program (including 2 years of post-graduate studies) focusing on advanced clinical practice and patient care.
MBA in Healthcare/Pharmaceutical Management: A 2-year course for those interested in management roles within the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors.
Ph.D. in Pharmacy: Advanced research-oriented studies for those aiming for careers in research, academia, or specialized industry roles.
Career Opportunities After DPharma

After completing a D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy), numerous career opportunities are available in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors:
Pharmacist
- Work in hospitals, retail pharmacies, or community health centers, dispensing medications and advising patients on drug use.
Pharmaceutical Sales Representative
- Promote and sell pharmaceutical products to healthcare professionals.
Quality Control/Assurance
- Ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products in manufacturing units.
Medical Transcriptionist
- Convert voice-recorded medical reports into written text for patient records.
Drug Inspector
- Monitor the quality of drugs being sold and ensure compliance with regulations (requires further qualifications).
Production Executive
- Manage the production of pharmaceuticals in manufacturing companies.
Entrepreneur
- Start your own pharmacy or drug store.
Higher Education
- Pursue advanced studies like B.Pharm or specialized certifications for career growth.
Top Companies Hiring DPharma Graduates

Here is the overview of the top recruiters:
Apollo Pharmacy
Cipla
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Dr. ReddyтАЩs Laboratories
Fortis Healthcare
Himalaya Drug Company
Lupin Pharmaceuticals
Max Healthcare
MedPlus
Salary Ranges After DPharma

HereтАЩs an overview of the salary after DPharma:
Entry-Level: тВ╣15,000 тАУ тВ╣25,000 per month for roles like Pharmacist, Medical Representative, or Pharmacy Technician.
Mid-Level: тВ╣25,000 тАУ тВ╣40,000 per month with 2-5 years of experience in retail pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, or pharmaceutical sales.
Experienced Professionals: тВ╣40,000 тАУ тВ╣60,000+ per month for roles like Senior Pharmacist, Production Supervisor, or Quality Control Officer.
Government Jobs: Salaries follow government pay scales, often starting from тВ╣25,000 per month, with additional benefits.
Future of D.Pharm Graduates

The future for D.Pharm graduates is bright, driven by the increasing demand for healthcare services and effective medication management. They have diverse career opportunities, including roles as pharmacists in hospitals, retail pharmacies, and healthcare centers, as well as positions in pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality control, and drug research. D Pharma Kya Hota Hai? It is a diploma program that provides the foundational skills and knowledge required to excel in the pharmaceutical field. Moreover, graduates can opt for higher studies like B.Pharm or M.Pharm to specialize further and expand their career horizons.
The evolving healthcare landscape, along with the need for skilled pharmacy professionals, ensures steady job growth, competitive salaries, and diverse career paths, making D.Pharm a valuable qualification in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors.
FAQs
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D.Pharma рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, рдЖрдк рдПрдХ рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рд╕рд┐рд╕реНрдЯ рдмрди рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рд╕рд┐рд╕реНрдЯ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ, рдЖрдк рдЕрд╕реНрдкрддрд╛рд▓реЛрдВ, рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рд╕реНрдереНрдп рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реЛрдВ, рдФрд░ рдореЗрдбрд┐рдХрд▓ рд╕реНрдЯреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рджрд╡рд╛рдУрдВ рдХреА рд╕рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдИ рдФрд░ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓рд╛рд╡рд╛, рдЖрдк рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рд╕реНрдпреВрдЯрд┐рдХрд▓реНрд╕ рдЗрдВрдбрд╕реНрдЯреНрд░реА рдореЗрдВ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди, рдЧреБрдгрд╡рддреНрддрд╛ рдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░рдг, рдФрд░ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рдВрдзрд╛рди рдПрд╡рдВ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЗрд╕ рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдХреЛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдпреЛрдЧреНрдпрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдФрд░ рдирд┐рдЬреА рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдиреМрдХрд░реА рдХреЗ рдЕрдЪреНрдЫреЗ рдЕрд╡рд╕рд░ рдорд┐рд▓рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, рдЖрдк рдмреА рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдЙрдЪреНрдЪ рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рднреА рдкрд╛рддреНрд░ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рдХрд░рд┐рдпрд░ рдХреЗ рдЕрд╡рд╕рд░ рдФрд░ рднреА рдмрдврд╝ рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред
рдбреА рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛ рдХреА 1 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХреА рдлреАрд╕ рдХрд┐рддрдиреА рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ?
D.Pharma рдХреА 1 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХреА рдлреАрд╕ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдФрд░ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдХреЗ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рдкрд░ рдЕрд▓рдЧ-рдЕрд▓рдЧ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреЙрд▓реЗрдЬреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдлреАрд╕ рдЖрдорддреМрд░ рдкрд░ тВ╣10,000 рд╕реЗ тВ╣50,000 рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреЙрд▓реЗрдЬреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдпрд╣ тВ╣50,000 рд╕реЗ тВ╣1,50,000 рдпрд╛ рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред рдХреБрдЫ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╖реНрдард┐рдд рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреЙрд▓реЗрдЬреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдлреАрд╕ рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рднреА рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓рд╛рд╡рд╛, рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╢реБрд▓реНрдХ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдкреБрд╕реНрддрдХрд╛рд▓рдп, рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧрд╢рд╛рд▓рд╛, рдФрд░ рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рд╢реБрд▓реНрдХ рднреА рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░рд╡реГрддреНрддрд┐ рдФрд░ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╕рд╣рд╛рдпрддрд╛ рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛рдПрдВ рднреА рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬреЛ рдлреАрд╕ рдХрд╛ рднрд╛рд░ рдХрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдорджрдж рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИрдВред
D Pharma рдХреА рд╕реИрд▓рд░реА рдХрд┐рддрдиреА рд╣реИ?
рдбреА рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░рдВрднрд┐рдХ рд╕реИрд▓рд░реА тВ╣15,000 рд╕реЗ тВ╣25,000 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдорд╛рд╣ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдлрд╛рд░реНрдореЗрд╕реА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рд╣реИ, рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕реИрд▓рд░реА рдХрд╛ рд╕реНрддрд░ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░, рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡, рдФрд░ рдиреМрдХрд░реА рдХреЗ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрднрд░ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рд╕рд┐рд╕реНрдЯ, рдореЗрдбрд┐рдХрд▓ рд░рд┐рдкреНрд░реЗрдЬреЗрдВрдЯреЗрдЯрд┐рд╡, рдпрд╛ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рд╕реИрд▓рд░реА рднрд┐рдиреНрди рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡ рдФрд░ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮрддрд╛ рдмрдврд╝рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде, рд╕реИрд▓рд░реА рднреА рдмрдврд╝рддреА рд╣реИ, рдФрд░ рдХреБрдЫ рд╕рд╛рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж тВ╣30,000 рд╕реЗ тВ╣50,000 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдорд╛рд╣ рдпрд╛ рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рднреА рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдиреМрдХрд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реИрд▓рд░реА рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдорд╛рдирджрдВрдбреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд▓рд╛рдн рднреА рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред
D рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛ рдХрд┐рддрдиреЗ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХрд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ?
рдбреА рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛ (рдбрд┐рдкреНрд▓реЛрдорд╛ рдЗрди рдлрд╛рд░реНрдореЗрд╕реА) рдПрдХ 2 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХрд╛ рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдлрд╛рд░реНрдореЗрд╕реА рдХреЗ рдмреБрдирд┐рдпрд╛рджреА рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдФрд░ рдХреМрд╢рд▓ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЗрд╕ рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдХреЛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджрд╡рд╛рдУрдВ рдХреА рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛, рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рд╕реНрдпреВрдЯрд┐рдХрд▓ рдХреЗрдорд┐рд╕реНрдЯреНрд░реА, рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рдХреЛрд▓реЙрдЬреА, рдФрд░ рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдирд┐рдХрд▓ рдкреНрд░реИрдХреНрдЯрд┐рд╕ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд╣рди рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдорд┐рд▓рддреА рд╣реИред рдХреЛрд░реНрд╕ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ 500 рдШрдВрдЯреЗ (рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ 3 рдорд╣реАрдиреЗ) рдХреА рдЗрдВрдЯрд░реНрдирд╢рд┐рдк рдХрд░рдиреА рдкрдбрд╝рддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╣рд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдбреА рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░ рдлрд╛рд░реНрдорд╛рд╕рд┐рд╕реНрдЯ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдкрдВрдЬреАрдХрд░рдг рдХрд░рд╡рд╛ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рдлрд╛рд░реНрдореЗрд╕реА рдХреЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред